- Cardiac production
- Compliance
- Quantity of new blood
- Viscosity of your own blood
- Blood-vessel size and you may diameter
Recall that blood moves from higher pressure to lower pressure. It is pumped from the heart into the arteries at high pressure. If you increase pressure in the arteries (afterload), and cardiac function does not compensate, blood flow will actually decrease. In the venous system, the opposite relationship is true. Increased pressure in the veins does not decrease flow as it does in arteries, but actually increases flow. Since pressure in the veins is normally relatively low, for blood to flow back into the heart, the pressure in the atria during atrial diastole must be even lower. It normally approaches zero, except when the atria contract (see Figure \(\PageIndex<1>\)).
Cardiac Returns
Cardiac returns is the dimension out of flow in the cardiovascular system from the ventricles, and is usually mentioned during the liters for each minute. People factor that causes cardiac returns to increase, because of the elevating heart rate or coronary attack frequency or both, have a tendency to intensify blood pressure levels and provide flow. These types of products include sympathetic pleasure, the fresh new catecholamines epinephrine and you can norepinephrine, thyroid gland hormonal, and you can enhanced calcium supplements ion profile.